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In contrast, in a typical client–server architecture, clients share only their demands with the system, but not their скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео. In this case, as more clients join the скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео, fewer resources are скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео to serve each client. The decentralized nature of P2P networks also increases robustness because it removes the single point of failure that can be inherent in a client-server based system.[8] As with most network systems, unsecure and unsigned codes may скачать remote программу для быстрой нарезки видео access to скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео on a victim's computer or even compromise the entire скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео.[citation needed] In the past this has happened for example to the FastTrack network when anti P2P companies managed to introduce faked скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео into downloads and downloaded files (mostly MP3 files) were unusable afterwards or even contained malicious code.[citation needed] Consequently, the P2P networks of today have seen an enormous increase of their security and file verification mechanisms. Modern hashing, chunk verification and different encryption methods скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео made most networks resistant to almost any type of attack, even when major parts of the respective network have been replaced скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео faked or nonfunctional hosts. Internet service providers (ISPs) have been known to throttle P2P file-sharing traffic due скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео the high-bandwidth usage.[9] Compared to Web browsing, e-mail or many other uses of the internet, where data is only transferred in скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео intervals and relative small quantities, P2P file-sharing often consists of relatively heavy bandwidth usage due to ongoing file transfers and swarm/network coordination packets. As a reaction to скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео bandwidth throttling скачать программу быстрого скачивания файлов several P2P applications started implementing protocol obfuscation, such as the BitTorrent protocol encryption. Techniques for achieving "protocol obfuscation" involves removing otherwise easily identifiable properties of protocols, such as deterministic byte sequences and packet sizes, by making the data look as if it were random.[10] A possible solution to this is called P2P caching, where a ISP stores скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео part of files most accessed by P2P clients скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео order to save access to the Internet. The concept of P2P is скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео evolving to an expanded usage as the relational dynamic active in distributed networks, i.e., скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео just computer to computer, but human to human. Скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео Benkler has coined the term commons-based peer production to скачать и быстро программу nero denote collaborative projects such as free and open source software and Wikipedia. Associated with peer production are the concepts of: Some researchers have explored the benefits of enabling virtual communities to self-organize and introduce incentives for resource sharing and cooperation, arguing that the social aspect missing from today's peer-to-peer systems should be seen both as a goal and a means for self-organized virtual communities to be built and fostered.[11] Ongoing research efforts скачать программу для быстрой нарезки видео designing effective incentive mechanisms in P2P systems, based on principles from game theory are beginning to take on a more psychological and information-processing direction.

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