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Modern hashing, chunk verification and different encryption methods have made most networks resistant to almost any type of attack, even when major parts of the respective network have been replaced by faked or nonfunctional hosts. Internet service providers (ISPs) have been known to throttle P2P file-sharing traffic due to the high-bandwidth usage.[9] скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов to Web browsing, e-mail or many other uses of the internet, where data is only transferred in short intervals and relative small quantities, P2P file-sharing often consists of relatively heavy bandwidth usage due скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов ongoing file transfers and swarm/network coordination packets. As a reaction to this bandwidth throttling several P2P applications started implementing protocol скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов, such as the BitTorrent protocol encryption. Techniques for achieving "protocol obfuscation" involves removing otherwise easily identifiable properties of protocols, such as deterministic byte sequences and packet sizes, by making the data look as if it were random.[10] A possible solution to this is called P2P caching, where a ISP stores the part of скачать программу для быстрого качания фильмов files most accessed by P2P clients in order to save access to the Internet. The concept of P2P is increasingly evolving to an expanded usage as the relational dynamic active in distributed networks, i.e., not just computer to computer, but human to human. Yochai Benkler has coined the term commons-based peer production to denote collaborative projects such as free and open source software and Wikipedia. Associated with peer production are the concepts of: Some researchers have explored the benefits of enabling virtual communities to self-organize and скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов incentives for resource sharing and cooperation, arguing that the social aspect missing from today's peer-to-peer systems should be seen both as a goal and a means for self-organized virtual communities to be built and fostered.[11] Ongoing research efforts for designing effective incentive mechanisms in P2P systems, based on principles from game theory are beginning to take on a more psychological скачать нескольких программу для быстрого файлов скачивания information-processing direction. There are numerous applications of peer-to-peer networks. The most commonly known is скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов content distribution Tim Berners-Lee's vision for скачать программу для быстрой дефрагментации диска the World Wide Web was close to a P2P скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов in that it assumed each user of the web скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов be an active editor and contributor, creating and linking content to form an interlinked "web" of links.[citation needed] This contrasts to the current broadcasting-like structure of the web.[citation needed] Some networks скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов channels such as Napster, OpenNAP and IRC serving channels скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов a client–server structure for some tasks (e.g., searching) and a P2P structure for others. Networks such as gnutella or Freenet use a P2P structure for nearly all tasks, with the exception of finding peers to connect to when first setting up. P2P architecture embodies one of the key technical concepts of the Internet, described in the first Internet Request for Comments, RFC 1, "Host Software" dated April 7, 1969. Скачать программу для быстрого скачивания нескольких файлов recently, the concept has achieved recognition in the general public in the context of the absence of central indexing servers in architectures used for exchanging multimedia files. Peer-to-peer applications present one of the core issues in the network neutrality controversy.

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